SENAPAN MESIN RINGAN (LIGHT MACHINE GUN) BREN

Figure 1. The area in western Germany after badly hit by flood (Dominic Bailey, 2021) Climate emergency is real. The worst flood disaster in the last decades hit Western Germany this summer after heavy torrential rain the night before. It is a natural disaster on a  shocking scale with heavy rain causing rivers burst their banks. Whole streets ripped away by the flood, houses collapse, livelihoods destroyed, and more than hundreds of people lost their lives or are missing. The rest of the population are struggling for their future as their possessions torn apart by the flood“We are currently still searching for missed ones as we are clearing debris or pumping out cellars,” said Sabine Lackner of the federal agency for technical relief, a volunteering organization belonging to the German Ministry of the Interior. (https://www.theguardian.com/, 2021)On the other part of the world, unprecedented heat wave strikes northern hemisphere; in Canada for instance, dozens of people reportedly lost their lives as a result of heat wave. Extreme temperature may also cause wildfire in some region such as in Siberia-Russia.Figure 2. BBC weather temperature in Lytton BC, Canada (https://www.bbc.com/, 2021) Though it is quite convoluted to link any single event to climate change, weather anomaly such as heavy torrential rain, high temperature and storms do occur more frequently now in an unprecedented level. Climate change is seemingly become climate crisis as we are now witnessing catastrophic disaster-related events in every corner of the world that is impacting every community especially the vulnerable ones. The increase of global temperature may lead to severe impact such as drought, rapid glacial melt [SCSM1] and extreme weather condition. These might pose serious global threat to human population and environment.Since two decades ago, people awareness about environmental preservation has been significantly increased. Demanded for having fresh air to breath, clean air to drink and fertile soil to cultivate are likely substantial as a lifestyle as it will affect the quality of life of human being. After Kyoto protocol in 1992, many industrial countries which mostly developed countries were required to regulate their greenhouse gas emission as the culprit of ozone-layer depletion. They believed that climate change became imminent if preventive action had not taken immediately. Kyoto protocol was an international treaty initiated by United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) mainly focusing on the action of Greenhouse effect reduction program. As a matter of fact, global warming occurred as a result of human-activities CO2 emission. The Kyoto Protocol was adopted in Kyoto, Japan, on 11 December 1997 and effectively imposed to the regulation on 16 February 2005.  Currently, there are 192 parties joining the Kyoto Protocol. The Kyoto Protocol released several resolutions to reverse the climate change by reducing Green House emissions mostly in the Developed-industrial countries that produce large quantities of harmful substance to the atmosphere. Several efforts have been made to reduce the carbon emission released to the atmosphere. Fossil fuel internal combustion has contributed for polluting the atmosphere amongst several sources. Hence, sustainable power source become essential these days. Some developed countries alter their electric source to renewable energy, despite it might add financial drawback in terms of investment cost. Indonesia, situated right in the equator for example, has largely harvesting electricity from solar panel thanks to the abundance of sunlight available throughout 12 months. In some parts, electricity can be provided from wind farm as it is fortunate for having sustain and adequate wind speed to rotate the blades.  These power source are applied in main city infrastructure, promoting renewable energy to be widely used such as: street light, traffic light, pump house etc., those types of infrastructure have already powered by solar panel. Some other attempts are made by motor-world industry by bringing in renewable energy vehicle using electricity as a main source or backup source. Electric Vehicle (EV) began its debut since early 2000’s, although some people disputed their effectiveness to reach maximum range. Motor industries came up with solution to answer this issue by releasing its new concept so-called Hybrid-Car which utilize both conventional engine and electric battery. Figure 3 2013 Mercedes-Benz E300 Hybrid Scheme (www.auto-types.com, 2016) Figure 4 Simple scheme how EV works (https://www.edfenergy.com/for-home/energywise/electric-cars-and-environment, n.d.)Despite all the competition that every manufacturer faced to produce what costumer demanded, many people who were concerning the residual outcome put forward suggestions in order to minimize negative impact from car. They came up with “Environmental-Friendly” concept to overcome the conventional-engine’s drawback such as carbon dioxide (CO2) and others pollutants. Given the fact that large amount of carbon dioxide may harmful to the atmosphere, cutting the carbon footprint  hopefully will contribute to restoring the mother earth. Research by the European Energy Agency found that, even with electricity generation, the carbon emissions of an electric car are around 17 – 30% lower than driving a petrol or diesel car. The emissions from electricity generation are also dramatically improved when low carbon electricity is used. (https://www.edfenergy.com/for-home/energywise/electric-cars-and-environment, n.d.)ReferencesCarbonBrief. (2021). https://www.carbonbrief.org/. Retrieved from https://www.carbonbrief.org/: https://www.carbonbrief.org/mapped-how-climate-change-affects-extreme-weather-around-the-worldDominic Bailey, M. B. (2021, July 16). https://www.bbc.com/. Retrieved from https://www.bbc.com/: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-57862894http://www.assembly.coe.int/. (2014). Retrieved from http://www.assembly.coe.int/: http://www.assembly.coe.int/nw/xml/XRef/Xref-XML2HTML-en.asp?fileid=16899&lang=en#:~:text=The%20Kyoto%20Protocol%2C%20signed%20in,Council%20of%20Europe%20member%20states.https://www.bbc.com/. (2021, June 30). https://www.bbc.com/. Retrieved from https://www.bbc.com/: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-57654133https://www.edfenergy.com/for-home/energywise/electric-cars-and-environment. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.edfenergy.com/for-home/energywise/electric-cars-and-environment: https://www.edfenergy.com/for-home/energywise/electric-cars-and-environmenthttps://www.theguardian.com/. (2021, July 21). https://www.theguardian.com/. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jul/21/germany-floods-one-hundred-fifty-five-still-missing-hope-further-rescue-fadeUNFCCC. (2021). https://unfccc.int/. Retrieved from https://unfccc.int/: https://unfccc.int/kyoto_protocolwww.auto-types.com. (2016). Retrieved August 22, 2016, from www.auto-types.com: http://www.auto-types.com/news-gallery-3/mercedes-benz-showcases-the-e-300-hybrid-9346.html